THE INCIDENCE of chronic renal failure (CRF) in children is unknown, but current data suggest that 1.5
to 3 children per million develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) each year.

The prevalence of CRF in the pediatric population worldwide is approximately 18 per million.

It has been reported that approximately 8% of adults on dialysis and 20% to 30% of children on dialysis have
abnormal urinary tracts.1 The registry of the North America Pediatric Renal Transplantation society confirms that different forms of obstructive uropathy (including reflux and dysplasia)

were not significantly different with regard to mean donor and recipient ages, and sex distribution. We also divided our patients
into two groups (before versus after 1996,) seeking to match patients by immunosuppressive drugs and year of transplantation.

Rejection was clinically diagnosed when a patient exhibitedtenderness over the graft site, swelling of the graft on ultrasonography, persistent fever, oliguria, hypertension, and progressive elevation of serum creati nine.

Biopsy was performed in cases of suspected rejection; the diagnosis was confirmed by increased
mesengial matrix, increased lobularity, decreased glomerular size and hyalinization, and vascular and tubular lesions. Children
returned to chronic dialysis, those who required retransplantation, and those who died of renal complications were all considered to have lost their grafts.

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The choledochal cyst is one of the congenital diseases of the bile ducts in children, which is treated surgically.

During this surgery, the cyst is removed and the ducts are reconstructed using the intestine or duodenum.

Until now, this surgery was only performed in an open manner with a relatively large incision on the right side of the abdomen.

Dr. Seyed Mojtabi Mousavi Khoshdel, a specialist in pediatric surgery, for the first time in the country, succeeded in performing this complex surgery using the mini-laparoscopy method at Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) educational and therapeutic center.

In this advanced method, instead of making a big incision and cutting the abdominal muscles, several 5 mm incisions are used in the depth of the abdominal wall.

As a result, the complications and pain after the operation will be reduced and the scar of the abdominal wound will not appear after the operation

– operation – abdomen – abdominal Hazrat Ali Asghar – surgery mini – laparoscopy – laparoscopy – pain – cyst – congenital – diseases –

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“Dr.Sam Zeraatiannejd Davani”

I wonder if you have heard about the Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. There exist a lot of patients with low output Cardiac failure and low LVEF or ejection fraction, as a result of Coronary Artery Disease, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, or Valvular Heart Disease.

There exist some cases who are not good candidate for transplantation or as a result of paucity or lack of adequate donor or suitable donor for these patients, these patients unfortunately pass away during their waiting list so we have to do alternative technics.

Here you are in Iran, in Ay Health  center in Rasool Akram Hospital, we have performed more than one hundred cases of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (via) Anterolateral Thoracotomy which can increase the Cardiac LVEF more than fiftteen to twenty percenst in these patients and alleviate all of their symptoms especially their Dyspnia and Exertion and especially their chest pain and especially their complications as result of Cardiac Failure, just like Pleural Effusion or right side heart failure and another issue to take into consideration while speaking about Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy or battery pacemaker insertion for the patients it can impede the further alteration in the rythm of the patients just like impeding the further venticular, Tachyarrhythmia or Venticular Fibrillation and etc.

So, in order to do so, you can call and contact with mrs. Haghi in Ay Health in order to do that operation in Rasool Akram Hospital, Syou can share your information , send your diagrams, your Echocardiography, your Angiogram and your documentations in order to assess them and then give you your all feedbacks.

Really appreciate you.

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Lung cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of the lungs, usually in the cells that make up the airways.

There are two main types:

small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer

These two types grow differently and are treated differently. Small cell lung cancer is the most common type.

Who is at risk for lung cancer?

 can affect anyone,

But there are certain factors that increase the risk of developing it:

• smoking
• cigarette smoke
• Family history of lung cancer
• Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot or bitumen in the workplace
• Exposed to radiation, such as radiation to the breast or chest
• Special imaging tests such as CT scans
• HIV infection
• air pollution

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

Sometimes lung cancer causes no signs or symptoms. This may be done during a chest x-ray.

• Chest pain or discomfort
• A cough that does not go away or gets worse over time
• Breathing problems
• Rhonchus
• Blood in sputum (mucus coughing from the lungs)
• Hoarseness
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss for no apparent reason
• Fatigue
• Difficulty swallowing
• Swelling of the face or neck veins
• Detection of lung cancer
• About family history
• By performing imaging such as a chest x-ray or a CT scan of the chest
• Perform tests such as blood and sputum tests
• Lung biopsya

What are the treatments for lung cancer?

Your treatment depends on the type of lung cancer, how widespread it is, your overall health, and other factors. You may have more than one type of treatment.

Treatments for small cell lung cancer include these:

• surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Immunotherapy

Laser therapy, which uses a laser beam to kill cancer cells

Non-small cell lung cancer treatments include the following

• surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy

Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells and do less damage to normal cells.

• Immunotherapy
• laser therapy

#- HIV infection- Chest pain-Respiratory problems-Noise-swallowing-Swallowing problems-Chemotherapy-Blood leukemia

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Do you have a headache or a stuffy nose or a chronic discharge from the back of your throat?

Rhinosinusitis means inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. The diagnosis of acute sinusitis is usually made when a common cold lasts for more than a week. Symptoms in acute sinusitis last less than a month.

What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis?

The main symptoms of acute sinusitis are purulent discharge from the nose, nasal congestion, purulent discharge from the back of the throat, pain and pressure in the face and sometimes fever, cough, headache, bad breath and even toothache.

How does chronic sinusitis develop?

Basically, any lesion that interferes with the natural discharge of sinus secretions (at the site of the sinus passage to the nose) leads to the accumulation of secretions and irreversible changes and thickening of the sinus mucosa, and mucous cilia whose job is to clean the respiratory mucosa. They fail and a vicious cycle develops and symptoms of chronic sinusitis appear.

How is chronic sinusitis treated?

It is best to eliminate predisposing factors first: quit smoking, control allergy symptoms, and treat gastroesophageal reflux. Appropriate antibiotic treatment should be prescribed for at least three weeks.

If there is no response to the above treatments, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is performed. Today, primary surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis is performed almost exclusively endoscopically.

Functional sinus endoscopic surgery (FESS):

rhinosinusitis ayhelth

The high prevalence of chronic sinusitis and other diseases of the nose and sinuses, increasing awareness of the physiopathology of sinusitis, as well as recent advances in FESS endoscopic devices have become a common surgical procedure.

In this operation, only the patient’s tissue and other anatomical areas that have problems are removed very precisely and delicately, and the ventilation of the sinuses is opened.

Diagnostic endoscopy of the nose and sinuses is usually performed under local anesthesia. Sometimes, due to the patient’s special condition or his young age, this is done under anesthesia and in the operating room.

In any case, in diagnostic endoscopy, the color and shape of the mucosa covering the nose, and its secretions, the condition of the sinus orifice, the presence and shape of the mass inside the nose or the sinus or back of the nose are considered.

Diagnostic endoscopic applications

CT scans (other than history and examination) are used to diagnose sinusitis. But sometimes we need diagnostic endoscopy of the nose and sinuses to diagnose chronic sinusitis or examine its complications.

Of course, nasal endoscopy is not only used in sinusitis, but also to diagnose a variety of chronic diseases, and benign and malignant masses of the nose or sinuses, as well as sampling.

Rhinosinusitis- sinuses – endoscopy- allergy- nose- endoscopic surgery- diagnose

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It is a type of surgery by which the injured joint of the patient is completely replaced.

One of the most common reasons for patients to have this operation is the severity of knee pain due to injury, accident, chronic disease or wear and tear of the knee joint. This severe pain also depends on many factors such as the location of knee pain and usually knee wear. It is directly related to old age.

Most diseases, such as arthritis of the knee or knee wear, cause severe pain in the knee and force the person to have a knee replacement.

But doctors usually advise their patients about weight loss, proper nutrition and exercise before surgery.

One of the most common problems that older people struggle with is knee pain, which is sometimes caused by a ruptured ligament or cartilage.

In addition, diseases such as osteoarthritis, gout or infection can cause knee pain. But there is no need to worry. Because most minor knee pain can be treated with medical care.

What is  surgery or knee arthroplasty?

In knee replacement, the injured knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint or prosthesis. The prosthesis used in this operation is made of metal, plastic and polymer alloys, which perform the same function as the knee. Knee replacement surgery takes about two hours, but recovery and rehabilitation take several months.

There is no age or weight limit for knee replacement surgery and it depends on the patient’s pain and physical condition and ability.

Reasons for knee replacement :

One of the main reasons for knee replacement is osteoarthritis, which has different types, but the most common types are osteoarthritis – rheumatism and osteoarthritis caused by the lesion.

• Osteoarthritis of the knee
• Arthritis or osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Rheumatism
• Osteoarthritis caused by the lesion

What are the benefits of  surgery?

The main advantage of this method is that the patient’s pain disappears and the brace or cross-legged position is completely eliminated.

Most patients complain of not being able to sit or walk. However, these movements can be easily performed after a knee replacement.

Eliminate knee pain

• Joint deformation
• Independence in everyday life
• Improving the quality of life

Most patients who undergo knee replacement surgery achieve significant improvement within a few weeks after surgery.

These patients can stand and move their knees one day after surgery, and after about six months they are able to walk easily, and after repairing and strengthening their muscles, they can do most activities except running and jumping.

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Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty- Knee arthroscopy- Foot and ankle surgery- Eliminate knee pain- surgery-

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Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a living or dead donor in a person whose kidneys are no longer working properly.

The main function of the kidneys is to filter and remove waste products, minerals and fluids from the blood by producing urine.

When your kidneys lose this ability to filter, harmful levels of fluid and waste accumulate in your body, which can raise your blood pressure and lead to kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease). The end stage of kidney disease occurs when the kidneys have lost about 90% of their ability to function normally.

Common causes of end-stage kidney disease are:

Diabetes

Chronic and uncontrolled blood pressure

Chronic glomerulonephritis – inflammation and possible ulcers of fine filters inside your kidneys (glomerulus)

Polycystic kidney disease

People who are in the final stages of kidney disease must be removed from their bloodstream through a device (dialysis) or a kidney transplant to survive.

Why is this over?

Kidney transplantation is often the treatment of choice for kidney failure, compared to a lifetime on dialysis. A kidney transplant can cure chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease to help you feel better and live longer.

Compared to dialysis, kidney transplantation is associated with the following:

• Better quality of life
• Less risk of death
• Less dietary restrictions
• Lower treatment costs

Some people may also benefit from a kidney transplant before they need dialysis, a procedure known as a preventative kidney transplant.

But for certain people with kidney failure, kidney transplants may be more risky than dialysis. Conditions that may prevent you from being eligible for a kidney transplant include the following:

High age

Severe heart disease

Active or recently treated cancer

Poorly controlled dementia or mental illness

Su Al consumes alcohol or drugs

Any other factor that can affect the ability to perform the operation safely and take the drugs needed after the transplant to prevent organ rejection

Only one donated kidney is needed to replace two defective kidneys, making a kidney transplant an option for the living donor.

Live kidney donation

Family members are often more likely to make living kidney donors. But successful life donor transplants are also common in kidneys donated from unrelated people such as friends, colleagues or members of a religious community.

Success rate for kidney transplantation

If your new kidney fails, you can resume dialysis or consider a second transplant. You can also stop treatment. If you decide to stop treatment, your doctor can give you medication to relieve your symptoms. This decision depends on your current health, ability to withstand surgery, and your expectations of maintaining a certain quality of life.

12000$:The price of Kidney transplantation in Iran

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Cochlear implants are an electronic device that partially restores hearing. This can be an option for people who have severe hearing loss due to an inner ear injury and can no longer be helped by hearing aids.

Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, an implanted cochlear implant passes through the ear to transmit sound signals to the auditory (auditory) nerve.

The cochlear implant uses an audio processor located behind the ear. The processor picks up audio signals and sends them to a receiver implanted under the skin behind the ear. The receiver sends signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea’s inner ear.

The signals stimulate the auditory nerve and then direct them to the brain. The brain interprets these signals as sound, although these sounds will not be exactly like normal hearing.

It takes time and training to learn to interpret the signals received from cochlear implants. During a year of use, most people with cochlear implants make significant gains in speech comprehension.

 in people with severe hearing loss

 And using hearing aids no longer helps them, it recovers.

Cochlear implants may be placed in one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). Cochlear implants in both ears have often been used to treat severe bilateral hearing loss.

Especially for babies and children who are learning to speak and process language.

Adults and children between the ages of six and 12 months can benefit from cochlear implants. People who have cochlear implants have been reported:

Ability to hear speech without the need for visual cues such as lip-reading

Recognize natural and everyday ambient sounds

Ability to listen in a noisy environment

Ability to listen to TV shows, music and telephone conversations

To be eligible for cochlear implants, you must have the following:

Before the operation

You or your child needs a thorough medical evaluation to determine if cochlear implantation is a good option. A doctor will do an evaluation, which may include the following:

Arrange hearing, speech and sometimes balance tests

Perform a physical exam to assess the health of your inner ear

During the procedure

Your surgeon makes an incision (incision) in the back of your ear, and makes a small hole in the part of the skull (mastoid) where the internal device is located.

Your surgeon then makes a small hole in the cochlea to thread the electrode into the internal device. The skin incision is sutured because the internal device is under your skin.

after surgery

You or your child may experience the following:

Pressure or discomfort on the implanted ear or ears

Dizziness or nausea

Most people feel good when they return home the day after surgery or the next day.

An audiologist will not turn on or activate the cochlear implant for about two to six weeks after your surgery – to give the surgical site a chance to heal.

Activation

To enable cochlear implantation, an audiologist:

Adjust the audio processor to suit you or your child

Examine the cochlear implant components to make sure they work

Identify the sounds you or your child are hearing

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation involves training the brain to understand the sounds heard through cochlear implants. Everyday speech and ambient sounds will be different from what you remember.

Your brain needs time to recognize the meaning of these sounds. This process is ongoing and is best achieved by constantly wearing a speech processor during waking hours.

Results

The results of cochlear implant surgery vary from person to person.

For children, cochlear implants generally give the best results at a young age.

Some predicted results may include the following:

Clearer hearing Many people with hearing criteria for cochlear implants may eventually have clearer hearing using the device.

Improved tinnitus Although tinnitus is not the main reason for receiving cochlear implants,  may be somewhat suppressed during use. It can rarely make tinnitus worse.

14000$:The price of cochlear implants in Iran

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A “tumor” is the body’s own cells that grow out of control and multiply rapidly, usually forming a mass that is constantly growing.  It puts pressure on healthy tissue, in which case it is likely to be “benign” or penetrates the surrounding tissue, draws blood supply to healthy tissue, and sometimes detaches and attacks other parts of the body, which it attacks.  It is called “metastasis” and occurs in the case of “malignant” tumors.  In fact, what makes a tumor malignant and more dangerous is its rapid proliferation and metastasis.

Symptoms of a brain tumor

The most common symptom of a brain tumor is a headache. But more than 90 percent of people who have significant headaches in their lifetime do not have a brain tumor, This means that not every headache is a concern.  So be aware of the warning signs for headaches that are considered dangerous.  Morning headache, along with nausea and vomiting and blurred vision that gets better during the day and gradually gets worse over the days and weeks, is a worrying headache and should be closely monitored.

The presence of other symptoms, which are mentioned below, increases the importance of this type of headache.  On the other hand, headaches that start in the evening are more severe on weekdays and stressful and exhausting days, have been persistent for months and do not get worse and improve with sleep and rest are unlikely to be secondary to brain tumors.  Another important point is the exacerbation to deformity of chronic headaches;  This means that if the disease has a migraine headache and in recent weeks, the location of the pain, its severity or the causative agents have changed and is getting worse, it must be checked.

The most common brain tumors

•  Meningioma
•  Gliomas and glioblastomas
•  Pituitary adenoma
• Schwannoma norinum
• Cerebral metastasis

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