Cervical cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix. The most common cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 70% of cases. Adenocarcinoma is less common (about 25% of cases) and more difficult to diagnose because it starts higher in the cervix.

It is estimated that more than 900 people were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2022. The average age at diagnosis is 49 years old.

Precancerous changes in cervical cells rarely cause symptoms. The only way to know if there are abnormal cells that may develop into cancer is to have a cervical screening test. If early cell changes develop into cervical cancer, the most common signs include:

• vaginal bleeding between periods

• menstrual bleeding that is longer or heavier than usual

• pain during intercourse

• bleeding after intercourse

• pelvic pain

• a change in your vaginal discharge such as more discharge or it may have a strong or unusual color or smell

• vaginal bleeding after menopause.

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THE INCIDENCE of chronic renal failure (CRF) in children is unknown, but current data suggest that 1.5
to 3 children per million develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) each year.

The prevalence of CRF in the pediatric population worldwide is approximately 18 per million.

It has been reported that approximately 8% of adults on dialysis and 20% to 30% of children on dialysis have
abnormal urinary tracts.1 The registry of the North America Pediatric Renal Transplantation society confirms that different forms of obstructive uropathy (including reflux and dysplasia)

were not significantly different with regard to mean donor and recipient ages, and sex distribution. We also divided our patients
into two groups (before versus after 1996,) seeking to match patients by immunosuppressive drugs and year of transplantation.

Rejection was clinically diagnosed when a patient exhibitedtenderness over the graft site, swelling of the graft on ultrasonography, persistent fever, oliguria, hypertension, and progressive elevation of serum creati nine.

Biopsy was performed in cases of suspected rejection; the diagnosis was confirmed by increased
mesengial matrix, increased lobularity, decreased glomerular size and hyalinization, and vascular and tubular lesions. Children
returned to chronic dialysis, those who required retransplantation, and those who died of renal complications were all considered to have lost their grafts.

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The choledochal cyst is one of the congenital diseases of the bile ducts in children, which is treated surgically.

During this surgery, the cyst is removed and the ducts are reconstructed using the intestine or duodenum.

Until now, this surgery was only performed in an open manner with a relatively large incision on the right side of the abdomen.

Dr. Seyed Mojtabi Mousavi Khoshdel, a specialist in pediatric surgery, for the first time in the country, succeeded in performing this complex surgery using the mini-laparoscopy method at Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) educational and therapeutic center.

In this advanced method, instead of making a big incision and cutting the abdominal muscles, several 5 mm incisions are used in the depth of the abdominal wall.

As a result, the complications and pain after the operation will be reduced and the scar of the abdominal wound will not appear after the operation

– operation – abdomen – abdominal Hazrat Ali Asghar – surgery mini – laparoscopy – laparoscopy – pain – cyst – congenital – diseases –

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