THE INCIDENCE of chronic renal failure (CRF) in children is unknown, but current data suggest that 1.5
to 3 children per million develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) each year.

The prevalence of CRF in the pediatric population worldwide is approximately 18 per million.

It has been reported that approximately 8% of adults on dialysis and 20% to 30% of children on dialysis have
abnormal urinary tracts.1 The registry of the North America Pediatric Renal Transplantation society confirms that different forms of obstructive uropathy (including reflux and dysplasia)

were not significantly different with regard to mean donor and recipient ages, and sex distribution. We also divided our patients
into two groups (before versus after 1996,) seeking to match patients by immunosuppressive drugs and year of transplantation.

Rejection was clinically diagnosed when a patient exhibitedtenderness over the graft site, swelling of the graft on ultrasonography, persistent fever, oliguria, hypertension, and progressive elevation of serum creati nine.

Biopsy was performed in cases of suspected rejection; the diagnosis was confirmed by increased
mesengial matrix, increased lobularity, decreased glomerular size and hyalinization, and vascular and tubular lesions. Children
returned to chronic dialysis, those who required retransplantation, and those who died of renal complications were all considered to have lost their grafts.

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Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a living or dead donor in a person whose kidneys are no longer working properly.

The main function of the kidneys is to filter and remove waste products, minerals and fluids from the blood by producing urine.

When your kidneys lose this ability to filter, harmful levels of fluid and waste accumulate in your body, which can raise your blood pressure and lead to kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease). The end stage of kidney disease occurs when the kidneys have lost about 90% of their ability to function normally.

Common causes of end-stage kidney disease are:

Diabetes

Chronic and uncontrolled blood pressure

Chronic glomerulonephritis – inflammation and possible ulcers of fine filters inside your kidneys (glomerulus)

Polycystic kidney disease

People who are in the final stages of kidney disease must be removed from their bloodstream through a device (dialysis) or a kidney transplant to survive.

Why is this over?

Kidney transplantation is often the treatment of choice for kidney failure, compared to a lifetime on dialysis. A kidney transplant can cure chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease to help you feel better and live longer.

Compared to dialysis, kidney transplantation is associated with the following:

• Better quality of life
• Less risk of death
• Less dietary restrictions
• Lower treatment costs

Some people may also benefit from a kidney transplant before they need dialysis, a procedure known as a preventative kidney transplant.

But for certain people with kidney failure, kidney transplants may be more risky than dialysis. Conditions that may prevent you from being eligible for a kidney transplant include the following:

High age

Severe heart disease

Active or recently treated cancer

Poorly controlled dementia or mental illness

Su Al consumes alcohol or drugs

Any other factor that can affect the ability to perform the operation safely and take the drugs needed after the transplant to prevent organ rejection

Only one donated kidney is needed to replace two defective kidneys, making a kidney transplant an option for the living donor.

Live kidney donation

Family members are often more likely to make living kidney donors. But successful life donor transplants are also common in kidneys donated from unrelated people such as friends, colleagues or members of a religious community.

Success rate for kidney transplantation

If your new kidney fails, you can resume dialysis or consider a second transplant. You can also stop treatment. If you decide to stop treatment, your doctor can give you medication to relieve your symptoms. This decision depends on your current health, ability to withstand surgery, and your expectations of maintaining a certain quality of life.

12000$:The price of Kidney transplantation in Iran

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