Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a living or dead donor in a person whose kidneys are no longer working properly.

The main function of the kidneys is to filter and remove waste products, minerals and fluids from the blood by producing urine.

When your kidneys lose this ability to filter, harmful levels of fluid and waste accumulate in your body, which can raise your blood pressure and lead to kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease). The end stage of kidney disease occurs when the kidneys have lost about 90% of their ability to function normally.

Common causes of end-stage kidney disease are:

Diabetes

Chronic and uncontrolled blood pressure

Chronic glomerulonephritis – inflammation and possible ulcers of fine filters inside your kidneys (glomerulus)

Polycystic kidney disease

People who are in the final stages of kidney disease must be removed from their bloodstream through a device (dialysis) or a kidney transplant to survive.

Why is this over?

Kidney transplantation is often the treatment of choice for kidney failure, compared to a lifetime on dialysis. A kidney transplant can cure chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease to help you feel better and live longer.

Compared to dialysis, kidney transplantation is associated with the following:

• Better quality of life
• Less risk of death
• Less dietary restrictions
• Lower treatment costs

Some people may also benefit from a kidney transplant before they need dialysis, a procedure known as a preventative kidney transplant.

But for certain people with kidney failure, kidney transplants may be more risky than dialysis. Conditions that may prevent you from being eligible for a kidney transplant include the following:

High age

Severe heart disease

Active or recently treated cancer

Poorly controlled dementia or mental illness

Su Al consumes alcohol or drugs

Any other factor that can affect the ability to perform the operation safely and take the drugs needed after the transplant to prevent organ rejection

Only one donated kidney is needed to replace two defective kidneys, making a kidney transplant an option for the living donor.

Live kidney donation

Family members are often more likely to make living kidney donors. But successful life donor transplants are also common in kidneys donated from unrelated people such as friends, colleagues or members of a religious community.

Success rate for kidney transplantation

If your new kidney fails, you can resume dialysis or consider a second transplant. You can also stop treatment. If you decide to stop treatment, your doctor can give you medication to relieve your symptoms. This decision depends on your current health, ability to withstand surgery, and your expectations of maintaining a certain quality of life.

12000$:The price of Kidney transplantation in Iran

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Cochlear implants are an electronic device that partially restores hearing. This can be an option for people who have severe hearing loss due to an inner ear injury and can no longer be helped by hearing aids.

Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, an implanted cochlear implant passes through the ear to transmit sound signals to the auditory (auditory) nerve.

The cochlear implant uses an audio processor located behind the ear. The processor picks up audio signals and sends them to a receiver implanted under the skin behind the ear. The receiver sends signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea’s inner ear.

The signals stimulate the auditory nerve and then direct them to the brain. The brain interprets these signals as sound, although these sounds will not be exactly like normal hearing.

It takes time and training to learn to interpret the signals received from cochlear implants. During a year of use, most people with cochlear implants make significant gains in speech comprehension.

 in people with severe hearing loss

 And using hearing aids no longer helps them, it recovers.

Cochlear implants may be placed in one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). Cochlear implants in both ears have often been used to treat severe bilateral hearing loss.

Especially for babies and children who are learning to speak and process language.

Adults and children between the ages of six and 12 months can benefit from cochlear implants. People who have cochlear implants have been reported:

Ability to hear speech without the need for visual cues such as lip-reading

Recognize natural and everyday ambient sounds

Ability to listen in a noisy environment

Ability to listen to TV shows, music and telephone conversations

To be eligible for cochlear implants, you must have the following:

Before the operation

You or your child needs a thorough medical evaluation to determine if cochlear implantation is a good option. A doctor will do an evaluation, which may include the following:

Arrange hearing, speech and sometimes balance tests

Perform a physical exam to assess the health of your inner ear

During the procedure

Your surgeon makes an incision (incision) in the back of your ear, and makes a small hole in the part of the skull (mastoid) where the internal device is located.

Your surgeon then makes a small hole in the cochlea to thread the electrode into the internal device. The skin incision is sutured because the internal device is under your skin.

after surgery

You or your child may experience the following:

Pressure or discomfort on the implanted ear or ears

Dizziness or nausea

Most people feel good when they return home the day after surgery or the next day.

An audiologist will not turn on or activate the cochlear implant for about two to six weeks after your surgery – to give the surgical site a chance to heal.

Activation

To enable cochlear implantation, an audiologist:

Adjust the audio processor to suit you or your child

Examine the cochlear implant components to make sure they work

Identify the sounds you or your child are hearing

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation involves training the brain to understand the sounds heard through cochlear implants. Everyday speech and ambient sounds will be different from what you remember.

Your brain needs time to recognize the meaning of these sounds. This process is ongoing and is best achieved by constantly wearing a speech processor during waking hours.

Results

The results of cochlear implant surgery vary from person to person.

For children, cochlear implants generally give the best results at a young age.

Some predicted results may include the following:

Clearer hearing Many people with hearing criteria for cochlear implants may eventually have clearer hearing using the device.

Improved tinnitus Although tinnitus is not the main reason for receiving cochlear implants,  may be somewhat suppressed during use. It can rarely make tinnitus worse.

14000$:The price of cochlear implants in Iran

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